Jurisdiction of Consumer Forums in India

The Consumer Protection Act, establishes a three-tier system of consumer redressal forums: District Forums, State Commissions, and the National Commission. Each forum has specific jurisdictional limits based on the value of the claim.

Jurisdiction of District Forums

A complaint can be filed in a District Forum where:

• The opposite party resides or carries on business within the jurisdiction of the forum.
• The cause of action, wholly or partially, arises within the jurisdiction of the forum.

Jurisdiction of State Commissions

A complaint can be filed in a State Commission where:

• The value of the claim exceeds ₹20 lakh but does not exceed ₹1 crore.
• The opposite party resides or carries on business within the state.
• The cause of action, wholly or partially, arises within the state.

Jurisdiction of the National Commission

A complaint can be filed in the National Commission where:

• The value of the claim exceeds ₹1 crore.
• An appeal is filed against an order of a State Commission.

Fees for Filing a Complaint

A nominal fee is payable while filing a complaint with the respective forum. The fee amount varies depending on the value of the claim and the category of the complainant.

Note: Certain categories of consumers, such as those below the poverty line, may be exempt from paying fees.

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